a. Our mayor should be removed from office because we just learned that he was once arrested for possession of marijuana.
The qualifier is he was once; it is the leap from the data to the warrant. If he had never been arrested the claim would be invalid. The hard facts or evidence is that he was arrested and that it was for a possession of an illegal substance. They try to legitimize the claim that he should the removed from office by using ethos or questioning his credibility it could also be looked at as an attack of his values. The warrant is implied that anyone arrested lacks moral character and should not be in public office. Once a drug user or law breaker always one could be the counter warrant.
b. Any novel that includes the use of racial slurs should be banned from public school classrooms.
The qualifier is includes the use of, books that don’t include the use of are not up for this discussion. The data is an emotional appeal that racial slurs of any kind are bad and that to have these novels with them in it supports their use or justification. What is now considered a racial slur was not always so, if a book is to be read in historical context and that is part of the learning process of seeing where society once was compared to where we are. Racial slurs give the reader a chance to explore the racial complexities that have existed in our society. With comparison of where we have been we are know the argument could be made to leave the ‘terms’ in and learn about the conditions at that time that made it an acceptable term.
c. Beef in restaurants should be prepared well-done regardless of customer preference because of the danger of E.coli infection. The qualifier is implied that there is no exception to this rule. The data would be scientific data from the CDC from previous outbreaks and statistical data from inspections and testing of meat for E.Coli. Testimonial data from scientist or doctors would help reinforce this claim. The warrant would be logical or scientific with credible witnesses and data from government experts. The danger of E.coli and the ignorance of the customer from the warrant is based on faulty data. . The danger of E.coli infection is based on the exposure of meat. Hamburger meat has a higher risk of E.Coli exposure than steak hence steak should not be cooked well done, it ruins it.
2. Outline for improving conditions where I live.
Classical Model
I. Introduction
a. Lead-In…I live in a quiet suburban city where people enjoy….
b. Overview…The city has grown substantially bringing with it change…
c. Background…Smallville started out as a train stop ….
II. Thesis (Position)….Change to Smallville is understandable but must check points and restrictions so that it doesn’t grow uncontrolled.
III. Appeals
a. Appeals…Emotional appeal to the way we grew up (atmosphere), safe to play outside without constant supervision
b. Evidence…Logical appeal with crime statistics (small petty crimes) which led to larger crimes.
IV. Refutation…Not all large citys are dangerous look at the statistics per capita
V. Conclusion…In conclusion I have shown through appeals and evidence that my thesis is correct.
Toulim Model
I. Issue…Growth in Smallville has created changing conditions II. Claims…The changes are not for the better, crime has increased..
III. Evidence…Crime statistics
IV. Warrant…Logical statistics of crime from the police data bases and comparison to other citys of similar size. Ethical warrants from interviews with police and church figures showing the moral decline caused by the lack of knowing your neighbors.
V. Backing…Cities that have instituted a know your neighbor or have kept that small town feel have less crime and a better quality of life.
VI. Qualify…This claim is when small towns make the population jump to above 100,000
VII. Concluding Reflections
VIII. Introduction based on information
3.a. Books are an environmental problem. The printing of books uses approximately 30 million trees annually; this constitutes a massive environmental problem.
b. Cats make better pets than dogs. Cats make better indoor pets for housebound persons than dogs because they do not have to be walked or taken out to use the bathroom.
c. Students should be admitted to college on the basis of merit only.Students should be admitted to college based on a combination of their board scores and high school grades.
4 and 5
a. There is more to attending college than the getting a degree in one subject it is about becoming a well round critical thinking person and taking at least one economic class would support that goal. Most new college students are fresh from high school and are newly on their own. A basic economic class will help them understand our economy, how money works, and how it affects them [i.e. student loans]. Economic training provides a background for people who make choices about resources whether they are personal or business.
b. The more classes offered over the internet the more accessible they would be for students that need a flexible schedule to attend. According to research conducted for the U.S. department of Education enrollment in distance learning increased from 8% to 20% from the years 2000 through 20081.
c. The inadequacy of high school sex education is evident with higher percentage of high school students that become pregnant each year in states that lack quality sex education. Statistics provided by the C.D.C show that states with a higher percentage of black teenagers have the highest proportion of teen births2.
1. Walton, Alexandria, Learning at a Distance Undergraduate Enrollment in Distance Education Courses and Degree Programs, Pg. 3, retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/2012154.pdf
2. National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 59, Number 1 pg 7, retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr59/nvsr59_01.pdf
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